1994~2006年上海市土地利用时空变化特征及驱动力分析

快速发展的都市地区是区域土地利用变化研究热点。基于上海市1994、2000、2003和2006年4期航空遥感影像资料数据，运用人机交互目视解译方法建立上海土地利用空间数据库，并结合GIS空间分析、数理统计方法与土地利用动态度模型，对上海市1994~2006年土地利用时空变化特征进行了深入分析。结果表明：12 a间，上海市综合土地利用动态度为207%；在各种用地变化中，耕地面积变化最大，共减少了94 00772 hm2，减幅达233%；从耕地转移来看，转变为城镇建设用地（包括工业仓储用地、交通用地、城镇居民点用地和其他用地）面积共74 82586 hm2，占耕地面积总流出量的6712%；可见城镇建设用地急剧扩张而大量占用耕地，是上海市土地利用变化的主要特征；上海市土地利用变化的另一个重要特征是城市绿地的大幅增加，12 a间城市绿地面积共增加了9 29241 hm2，单一动态度为1876%。从上海土地利用变化的区域特征来看，各区的综合土地利用动态度差异明显，且表现出明显的中心城区-近郊-远郊递减趋势，其中浦东新区综合土地利用动态度最大，崇明县最小，这种差异与各区（县）的区位条件、经济发展状况以及政策等因素密切相关。通过对上海LUCC的驱动力定性定量分析表明，社会经济因素包括人口分布及变化、经济增长、人民生活水平的提高、政策以及国际大型活动的举办均对上海土地利用格局及其变化产生了重要的影响

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF LAND USE AND ITS DRIVING FORCE IN SHANGHAI CITY FROM 1994 TO 2006

Urban areas are the hotspot of land use change research in regional scale.Based on the aerial remote sensing images of Shanghai city in 1994,2000,2003 and 2006,combined with GIS method and the analysis model of land use change,we have studied spatial and temporal variation characteristics of land use in Shanghai city during 1994-2006.The result shows that during this period,the comprehensive dynamic index of land use was 207%.Farmland reduced 94 00772 hm2 with a drop of 233%,74 825.86 hm2 of which had been designated for industrial land,traffic land,residential and public facility land.In order to improve the environment,the area of green land increased 9 292.41 hm2,most of which had been transformed from farmland and residential and public facility land.Therefore,it is the main characteristics of land use change in Shanghai city that the expansion of the urban construction land occupying vast area of farmland and green land has increased greatly.The land use changed differently among the districts in Shanghai city,and the comprehensive dynamic index of land use of Pudong new district was the highest;and that of Chongming county was the lowest,showing obvious decline trend along urban center suburb to exurb gradient.The spatial difference of land use change was closely related to location condition,economic development status and policy of each district.On the whole,social economic factors were the major driving force influencing LUCC in Shanghai city,including population distribution and growth,economic growth,the improvement of people's living standard,policy and launching large international events, et al