与环境污染物转化相关的细菌厌氧呼吸研究动态

基于细菌呼吸理论为基础的环境有毒物质降解为环境污染治理提供了新的策略和方法,是近年来研究的热点问题.细菌呼吸是自然界中一个最基本、最重要的生物代谢过程,具有很大的灵活性和多样性,且与生态环境密切相关.在厌氧条件下,细菌利用环境中多种有毒物质作为呼吸链末端电子受体进行厌氧呼吸,在有毒物质被还原甚至降解的同时实现电子在呼吸链上的传递,形成跨膜的质子浓度电势梯度,进而转化为其生长代谢所需的能量.细菌以环境有毒物质为电子受体的厌氧呼吸不断被发现,这对于深入理解细菌呼吸的本质具有重要的理论意义,同时对于有毒物质的降解及元素的生物地球化学循环具重要的环境学意义,对于提高对地球表面有毒物质污染生物修复策略的认识具有重要的现实意义.图1表1参45

Bacterial Anaerobic Respirations Related to Anaerobic Biotransformation of Priority Pollutants

Degradation of the noxious substances based on the theory of bacterial respiration provides new ideas and ways for controlling and remedying environmental pollutants, so this research has became a hot issue recently. Bacterial anaerobic respirations are essential metabolical processes with the characteristics of flexibility and diversity, and closely related to the ecological environment. Under anaerobic condition, bacteria could respire with diverse noxious substances as terminal electronic acceptor. Electrons were transferred in the electron transport chain from electron donor to electron acceptor and formed trans-member proton concentration gradient, and were furthermore conserved into energy for metabolism. Many novel forms of anaerobic respirations have been and will be continuously discovered, These new discoveries have important environmental and biotechnological effects because these biochemical reactions have impacts on the degradation of the noxious substances and the cycling of organic carbon, as well as many inorganic compounds. Furthermore, bacterial anaerobic respirations increasingly become recognized as strategy for the remediation of environments contaminated with some priority pollutants. Fig 1, Tab 1, Ref 45