Some observations on spawning and fecundity in the luminescent fish Photoblepharon palpebratus

Spawning pairs of the fish Photoblepharon palpebratus (Boddaert), a bioluminescent shallow-water species from the Banda Islands, were observed in captivity for the first time. Both female individuals of the two pairs studied were slightly larger than the males, and possessed rounder tail-fin edges, criteria which can be used for sexing. Laboratory and field observations indicate that during several dark nights in April and May one female could produce a total of up to 1,000 sticky, transparent, 1.2-mm diameter, spherical, buoyant eggs, which after a brief planktonic phase of 5 to 10 h continue their development while adhering to a substrate. This short planktonic phase might explain why P. palpebratus only occurs around the Banda Islands, although similar habitats can be found elsewhere in the South Moluccan Sea. In addition to large ripe eggs, two size-classes of immature eggs were found in the ovaries. In the aquarium pairs of P. palpebratus tended to occupy a limited area but did not show aggressive territorial behaviour.