我国原油流动的空间格局研究

运用平衡方程式分析了我国各省区的原油生产消费与输入输出状况，并根据自给率，将我国26个原油流动省区划分为基本自给型、半自给型、净输出型和净补给型4种原油产需平衡类型。根据流动比率，26个省区可划归为输出中心、输入中心和交流中心3种原油流动职能类型；在分布格局上，输出中心为直角三角形，输入中心为直角梯形区，交流中心则为钝角三角形。以主要源地为标准，我国原油流动可划分为北部、西北、华东和华南四大流场，其中北部、西北属于全国性流场。我国原油流动路径可分为五大密集区，各区路径的空间结构不同：东北区为树状网络结构，华北区为单枝二叉树状结构，西北区为"X"形结构，华东区为多中心"Ⅲ"形结构，华南区则为"Y"形结构。流动路径之间还广泛存在并联与串联，充分发挥多种通道的综合流动效益。研究原油流动空间格局为我国石油空间组织的优化奠定了基础。〖

A STUDY ON SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF CRUDE OIL FLOW IN CHINA

By using a set of balance equation,this paper analyses the production,consumption,input and output of crude oil in 26 provinces in China,in which the oil flow exists.With the ratio of self sufficiency,these 26 provinces are divided into four production demand balance types:basic self sufficiency,half self sufficiency,net payout and net supply.After calculating the flow ratios,the 26 provinces are divided into three flow function types:output center,input center and exchanging center.The spatial distribution of output center appears like a right angle triangle.The spatial distribution of input center appears like an isosceles trapezium.The spatial distribution of exchanging center appears like an obtuse triangle.According to the main source of crude oil,this paper divides the oil flow space into four flow fields:the North,the Northwest,the East and the South.Among them,the North and the Northwest flow fields are national ones.The route types of oil flow are diversiform,including pipeline,railway,waterway and highway.And the oil flow routes in China form five cluster regions.In the Northeast,the oil flow routes appear like a dendriform network with Tieling as a major node.In North China,the oil flow routes appear like a monaxial bintree with Beijing as a major node.In East China,the oil flow routes appear like a “III shaped” pattern.In the Northwest,the oil flow routes appear like a “X shaped” pattern.In South China,the oil flow routes appear like a “Y shaped” pattern.The different routes of oil flow are either parallel connected or serially connected with each other,bringing into the multi flow route benefits.In summary,this research analysed the spatial structure of oil flow,forming a base for the optimization of the spatial organization of oil in China.