中国农业气象灾害对作物产量的影响

根据中国主要作物产量、受灾面积和气象条件等相关资料，详细分析了全国主要农业气象灾害的分布地区、季节特点及变化特征。结果表明：干旱、洪涝和冷冻害是影响作物产量的主要气象灾害，而各种灾害均有明显增加的趋势。旱灾是最严重的灾害，受灾面积是洪涝面积的2．3倍。分析了全国主要农业气象灾害对作物产量的严重影响，玉米和大豆产区主要是旱灾，早稻和晚稻产区主要是冷害和洪灾，一季稻和棉花产区主要是洪涝和旱灾，冬小麦和油菜产区的严重减产主要受冻害影响。

Influence of agricultural meteorological disasters on output of crop in China

Based on the relevant data of the disaster-affected area, the meteorological condition and the crop output etc in China, distribution and seasonal change of main agricultural disaster area are presented. It is indicated that the drought, flood and, freezing injury are the main agricultural meteorological disasters influencing crops output. These disasters have a obviously increase tendency. The drought is the most serious one in all kinds of disasters, the affected area by drought is 2.3 times of that by flood. Referencing the most serious years with reduced crop output due to the disasters in whole country, the maize and soybean in the northern area are impacted mainly by the drought, the early rice and the late rice in the southern regions are inpacted mainly by the cold injury and floods, winter wheat and cotton producing regions are influenced mainly by cold freeze injury.