呼和浩特道路降尘排放特征研究

颗粒物污染是影响我国城市空气质量的首要因素,交通扬尘是城市大气颗粒物污染的主要来源之一,排放特征研究是进行环境影响分析、控制措施成本效益分析、控制方案制定以及进行环境管理的基础。文章采用降尘法监测呼和浩特道路扬尘并分析降尘排放特征。对呼和浩特不同类型道路共30条,每条道路布置1个降尘监测点,并对背景降尘值进行了监测,道路降尘(DFr)与背景降尘(DFb)的差值作为道路自身降尘(ΔDF)。结果显示,环城路、主干道、次干道和支路的ΔDF分别为32.6、26.5、22.9和22.6 t/km.230 d,降尘值比例为100∶81∶70∶69,则单辆车引起的降尘比例为1.58∶1.00∶1.22∶3.16;从季节规律上看,春季降尘量最小,夏秋冬季降尘量差别不大,春夏秋冬四季的排放强度比例为0.88∶1.00∶1.00∶0.99;从空间分布上看,没有明显的区域特征。

Emission Characteristics of Road Dust-Fall in Huhhot Metropolitan Area

PM10(Particle matter less than 10 μm) has been the primary pollutant to China city's air quality in recent years,while fugitive road dust is one of the main sources.Emission characteristics study is the basis of air quality modeling,cost-benefit of control practices,control concept and environmental management.In order to investigate emission characteristics of RFD in Huhhot metropolitan area,thirty road dust-fall(DF) monitoring sites and five background monitoring sites were established,and monitoring was conducted from September 2008 to August 2009.The difference of road dust fall(DFr) and background dust fall(DFb) was defined as dust fall increment(ΔDF).The results indicated that ΔDF of ring road,major arterial,minor arterial and collector were 32.6,26.5,22.9 and 22.6 t/(km2·30 d),respectively,the ratio was 100:81:70:69,and ratio of ΔDF caused by single motorcar was 1.58∶1.00∶1.22∶3.16.From the point of the seasonal variation,the smallest appear in spring,and,and the ΔDF is not very different in summer,autum and winter,the ratio was 0.88∶1.00∶1.00∶0.99 for spring,summer,autum and winter.From the spatial distribution point of view,there is no obvious regional characteristics based on dust-fall monitor.