尿素糠醛缩合物缓释化肥的研究

为了提高尿素的利用率,改善土壤的耕作质量,笔者按尿素与糠醛的摩尔比(U/F)控制反应计量,得到尿素糠醛缩合物缓释化肥。加成反应缓冲试剂为Na2B4O7-H3BO3,pH值8~9,反应温度控制在45~55℃,消去反应缓冲试剂为CH3COOH-CH3COONH4,pH值4.5~5,反应温度控制在60℃。测试结果表明,当U/F应介于(1.3~1.5):1时,得到产物的AI值均高于60%,产物在水中的溶出率和在土壤中的溶出率低于普通化肥。该低分子尿素糠醛缩合物是一种缓释化肥,不仅可以显著提高氮素的利用率,而且可以通过调整U/F值与植物生长周期相匹配。该缩合物还具有改善土壤,防止沙化,提高植物根部在土壤中的扎根能力。

Condensation of Urea-furfural of Slow-release Fertilizer

In order to improve the utilization of urea and quality of soil tillage,as a kind of slow-release fertilizer,the condensation product was prepared using urea and furfural according to molar ratio of urea and furfural(U/F).The buffer reagent of addition reaction was Na2B4O7-H3BO3,with pH 8～9 and temperature controlled at 45～55 ℃.The buffer reagent of elimination reaction was CH3COOH-CH3COONH4,with pH 4.5～5 and temperature controlled at 60 ℃.Tests showed that AI values of products were higher than 60% when U/F was(1.3～1.5):1.The dissolution rate of products in water and soil was lower than the ordinary urea.Urea-furfural condensate with low molecular weight which is a slow-releasing fertilizer can significantly improve the utilization of nitrogen.U/F can be selected according to the growth cycle of crops.The condensate can improve the quality of soil,prevent desertification and increase penetration performance of crop root in the soil.