模拟废旧线路板生物浸出液中铜的回收

如何将废旧线路板生物浸出液中离子态铜以高品位单质形式回收是实现生物浸出回收金属的关键环节.本研究采用电沉积法,考察了模拟废旧线路板生物浸出液在恒流条件下阴极材料、电流密度、初始pH和初始铜浓度对铜回收效率和能耗的影响.结果表明,比表面积越大的阴极材料(碳毡)对铜的回收效率越高,阳极室和阴极室铜回收效率分别为96.56%、99.25%,总能耗和单位产物能耗越小,分别为0.022 kW·h、15.71 kW·h·kg-1.随着电流密度的增大铜回收效率和能耗呈上升趋势,当电流密度为155.56 mA·cm-2,阳极室和阴极室铜回收效率均达最大,分别为98.51%、99.37%,总能耗和单位产物能耗达最高,分别为0.037 kW·h、24.34 kW·h·kg-1.初始铜离子浓度对铜回收效率有明显影响,初始铜离子浓度越高,铜离子浓度下降的越快,总能耗越高,单位产物能耗越小.而初始pH值对铜回收效率没有明显影响.在优选条件下,阴极材料为碳毡,电流密度为111.11 mA·cm-2,初始pH=2.0,初始铜浓度为10 g·L-1,阳极室和阴极室铜回收效率分别为96.75%、99.35%,总能耗和单位产物能耗分别为0.021 kW·h、14.61 kW·h·kg-1,沉积的铜在阴极材料表面呈束状分布且未检测到氧的存在.

Copper Recovery from Artificial Bioleaching Lixivium of Waste Printed Circuit Boards

The key step to realize metal recovery from bioleaching solutions is the recovery of copper from bioleaching lixivium of waste printed circuit boards in high-grade form. The influences of cathode material, current density, initial pH and initial copper ion concentration on the efficiency and energy consumption of copper recovery from artificial bioleaching lixivium under condition of constant current were investigated using an electro-deposition approach. The results showed that the larger specific surface area of the cathode material (carbon felt) led to the higher copper recovery efficiency (the recovery efficiencies of the anode and the cathode chambers were 96.56% and 99.25%, respectively) and the smaller the total and unit mass product energy consumption (the total and unit mass product energy consumptions were 0.022 kW·h and 15.71 kW·h·kg^-1, respectively). The copper recovery efficiency and energy consumption increased with the increase of current density. When the current density was 155.56 mA·cm^-2, the highest copper recovery efficiencies in the anode and cathode chambers reached 98.51% and 99.37%, respectively. Accordingly, the highest total and unit mass product energy consumptions were 0.037 kW·h and 24.34 kW·h·kg^-1, respectively. The copper recovery efficiency was also significantly affected by the initial copper ion concentration. The increase of the initial copper ion concentration would lead to faster decrease of copper ion concentration, higher total energy consumption, and lower unit mass product consumption. However, the initial pH had no significant effect on the copper recovery efficiency. Under the optimal conditions (carbon felt for cathode materials, current density of 111.11 mA·cm^-2, initial pH of 2.0, and initial copper ion concentration of 10 g·L^-1), the copper recovery efficiencies of the anode and cathode chambers were 96.75% and 99.35%, and the total and unit mass product energy consumptions were 0.021 kW·h and 14.61 kW·h·kg^-1, respectively. The deposited copper on the cathode material was fascicularly distributed and no oxygen was detected.