近年来三江平原生态环境变化研究

文章以县（市）为研究单元，基于2004年和2010年的遥感监测数据和调查数据，运用生态综合指数法，从生态环境状况、土地利用／覆被、生物丰度、植被覆盖、水网密度、环境质量6方面分析三江平原生态环境的变化并探究驱动力。结果显示：（1）三江平原各县（市）生态环境指数变化量为-0．50～2．48，属于无明显变化和略有变化两个级别，其中友谊县生态环境略微变好，其余县（市）生态环境状况无明显变化。（2）三江平原林地、草地、沼泽地面积仍在减少，旱地改水田现象增加，水田面积大幅度增加。土地覆被类型变化的差异使得各县（市）生态环境走向存在差异。（3）水资源量增加是三江平原生态环境状况趋好的主要原因。（4）COD年排放量的变化决定三江平原各县（市）环境污染负荷的增减。

Study on Eco-environmental Changes in Sanjiang Plain during Recent Years

Taking every city and region as research unit, this study analyzes the eco -environmental changes with ecologi- cal comprehensive index method and analyses causes of these changes from the perspective of eco - environment, land use/cov- er, biological abundance, vegetation cover, river density and environmental quality, based on remote sensing monitoring data and survey data. This paper draws the flowing conclusions ： （ 1 ） Change in eco - environmental index of every city and region is between - 0.50 and 2.48, belonging to slight change and no obvious change level. （2） The areas of woodland, grassland, swamp reduced, while the areas of paddy field increased. The change of land cover affects the trend of eco - environment. （3） The water resources quantity has increased, constituting the main reason for good trend. （4）The change in COD decided the en- vironmental pollution load.