气候变化背景下四川省单季稻水分盈亏的变化特征

研究利用四川稻区109 个气象台站1961-2010 年的地面气象资料和16 个农业气象站 1981-2010 年的单季稻生育期资料，计算了研究区水稻不同生育期的有效降水量和需水量，并探讨了水稻不同生育阶段内的缺水量和缺水率。结果表明，1961-2010 年四川水稻年均缺水率在孕穗到开花期最高，移栽到孕穗期次之，开花到成熟期最低。近50 a 来，水稻全生育期年有效降水量、需水量和缺水量总体表现为减少趋势，而缺水率在稻区中、西部总体呈升高趋势； 有效降水量在移栽到孕穗期和开花到成熟期以减小为主，而在孕穗到开花期总体呈升高趋势； 需水量在水稻不同生育期内总体均表现为减小趋势；缺水量和缺水率在孕穗到成熟期以减小为主，而在移栽到孕穗期稻区中、西部地区呈升高趋势。研究可为四川稻区的农业用水及合理灌溉提供依据。

Variation Characteristics of Single Cropping Rice Water Surplus Deficit under the Background of Climate Change in Sichuan Province

Based on the observation data from 109 meteorology stations during 1961-2010 andphenological data of single cropping rice from 16 agrometeorological stations during 1981-2010 well spread over the rice growing regions of Sichuan Province, the effective precipitationand water requirement of single cropping rice were calculated and water deficit and water deficientratio for the rice were analyzed in the study area. The results showed that the average waterdeficient ratio during 1961-2010 from booting to flowering was the highest, followed bythat from transplanting to booting, and that from flowering to maturity was the least. The effectiveprecipitation, water requirement and water deficit during the entire growth period of ricewere decreasing, but the water deficient ratio for the central and western rice-growing areasshowed an increasing trend. The effective precipitation decreased during the transplanting tobooting and flowering to maturity stages, but increased during the booting to flowering stage.The water requirement among the different growth stages showed a downward trend. The waterdeficit and water deficient ratio decreased during the booting to maturity stage, but increasedduring the transplanting to booting for the central and western rice-growing areas. The researchcan provide the basis for agricultural water use and reasonable irrigation in rice growing areasin Sichuan.