基于DEA方法的农地非农化效率研究

论文运用DEA方法构建了一个农地非农化效率指标，并利用2001-2008 年间省级层面数据，测算得到各省以及4 个地区历年农地非农化效率，结果表明：省域农地非农化效率呈现波动上升、波动下降、保持平稳三种趋势，4 个区域唯有东北老工业基地的农地非农化效率均值高于0.6，全国农地非农化效率均值为0.489，表明8 a 中我国多耗用了51.1%（将近91455.75 hm²）的建设占用耕地的指标。同时，由于初始年份的低效区与高效区在效率变动趋势上存在此消彼长的关系，省域及4 个地区之间农地非农化效率出现趋同的现象。对农地非农化效率影响因素的分析蕴含着“权利二元”的土地制度是过度农地非农化与农地非农化配置结构不合理的症结所在；同时，地方政府财政支出压力又进一步助长了农地非农化的“非理性”；此外，在影响农地非农化效率其他因素中，第三产业比重达到47.02%水平以后，产业结构升级的边际效应才由负变为正；而经济发展水平和城市化率在不同地区的作用方向和强度不同，致使其在全国层面上统计不显著。据此，论文提出应实施“双轮驱动型”土地制度和财税制度改革，以扭转农地非农化效率损失的局面。

Farmland Conversion Efficiency Based on the DEA Model

Measurement of the efficiency of farmland conversion can provide scientific basis for reasonable exploitation of cultivated land and efficient allocation of construction land. So, it needs to understand the variation tendency and the affecting factors of the efficiency of different regions. Therefore, in this paper, the DEA analysis method was employed to measure the efficiency and its variation of farmland conversion, and the econometric method based on fixedeffect model was employed to analyze the influencing factors of the efficiency.The DEA analysis method was mainly used to construct an efficiency index of farmland conversion, which was employed to estimate the efficiency of farmland conversion of each province and four regions in China based on the 2001-2008 provincial level data. The results indicated that the efficiency of farmland conversion on provincial level presented three trends, namely, fluctuating downward, fluctuating upward and maintaining steady. And among the four regions, only the Old Northeastern Industrial Base's mean efficiency was higher than 0.6, while the mean efficiency of the whole country was 0.489, indicating that China had consumed 51.1% more of index of cultivated land occupied by construction (nearly 91455.75 hm²). Meanwhile, due to the reciprocal relationship in the efficiency evaluation between inefficient regions and high efficient regions of the initial year, the convergence phenomenon appeared in evaluation of land conversion efficiency on the provincial and regional levels.The analysis of the affecting factors of farmland conversion efficiency implied that the dual system of land property rights was the crux of excessive farmland conversion and unreasonable configuration of farmland conversion. And fiscal expenditure pressure over local governments further fuelled the non-rationality of farmland conversion. Among other factors affecting farmland conversion efficiency, the marginal effect of the upgrading of the industrial structure would be from negative to positive, when the proportion of the tertiary industry achieved at 47.02%, and direction and strength of the level of economic development and urbanization rate of different regions acting on farmland conversion efficiency were different, which made them non-significant statistically at the national level. On these grounds, this paper put forward twowheel driven reform of land system and the fiscal and taxation system to reverse the trend of land conversion efficiency loss.