资源与环境双重约束下的工业用水效率——基于SBM-Undesirable和Meta-frontier模型的实证研究

我国工业用水效率低下已成为制约工业发展的资源瓶颈。论文基于中国30 个省区1999-2011 年的面板数据，利用SBM-Undesirable 和Meta-frontier 模型对共同前沿与群组前沿下各省区工业用水效率及其影响因素进行实证研究。研究结果表明，由于各省区工业用水技术水平的异质性，不同前沿下工业用水效率存在较大差异；考虑工业水污染的工业用水效率普遍较低，存在较大的效率改善空间。进一步研究发现，现行水价存在很大程度的扭曲，没有起到应有的提高水资源有效配置的作用。政策含义表明，工业用水效率不仅与地区工业发展的技术异质性有关，也和工业水污染及治理效果有关；应逐步提高现行工业水价，可仿照居民用水实行阶梯水价。

The Utilization Efficiency of IndustrialWater under the Dual Constraints of Resource and Environment—An Empirical Study Based on SBM-Undesirable and Meta-frontier Model

The low utilization efficiency of industrial water in China has become a resource bottleneck restraining the development of industry. Based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 1999 to 2011, using SBM-Undesirable and the Meta-frontier model, this paper studies water use efficiency of industry under meta-frontier and group-frontier and estimates its influencing factors. The results show that the utilization efficiency of industrial water has a big difference between meta-frontier and group-frontier because of the utilization technological heterogeneity of industrial water in different regions. Efficiency values are generally lower when incorporated in industrial water pollutants. So there is still a larger room for improving the efficiency.Further study finds that the present price of industrial water is distorted to some extent, which can't reflect the efficient allocation of water resources. Policy implications indicate that water use efficiency of industry is concerned with technological heterogeneity, industrial water pollutants and its governance effect. The present price of industrial water should be gradually increased and the scalar water pricing system may be implemented followed the model of the residential water prices.