太湖流域西部圩区陆地生态系统维持和调节功能量化评估

圩区是南方平原水网地区一种重要的地理单元，圩区陆地生态系统维持和调节功能的研究对于圩区内的土地利用优化、生态环境保护与恢复等都有重要的意义。研究选取太湖流域西部地区的圩区，采用物质量评估的方法，对陆地生态系统的水量调节、净化环境、土壤保持和生境维持等4 种类型的生态服务功能进行了量化评估，研究结果表明：①圩区陆地生态系统年可调节水量43.71×10⁸ m³，削减总氮6 079.72 t，削减总磷734.99 t，保持土壤150.76×10⁴ t，景观综合指数介于0.96~1.11 之间，体现出较大的服务价值；②圩区陆地生态系统维持和调节功能的总量和单位面积量在空间上都存在差异性。从总量来看，宜兴、溧阳和金坛各市区较高，武进、丹徒和丹阳的服务功能总量较低，地形及水系分布是造成这一差异的主要原因；从单位面积的服务功能量来看，丹徒和丹阳较高，金坛、溧阳和宜兴处于一般水平，武进最低，圩区内土地利用方式的不同是造成这一差异的主要原因；③圩内生态系统服务功能的管理和恢复应参考服务能力大小，因地制宜区别对待。生态服务功能较强的市区，应发挥其生态功能的优势；生态服务功能较弱的地区，应采取一定的措施对其生态服务功能进行恢复；④研究成果对于圩内生态环境保护与恢复、土地利用结构优化等也具有参考价值。

Assessment for Polder Terrestrial Ecosystem Functions of Maintaining and Regulating in the Western Taihu Basin

Polder is an important geographic unit of the water net plain areas in South China, the study of the polder ecosystem service functions is of great significance to the optimization of land use, ecological environmental protection and restoration. This study selected polders in the Western Taihu Basin as a case and calculated four types of ecosystem services functions in terrestrial ecosystems including water regulation, environmental purification, soil conservation and habitat maintenance. The results show: 1) The polder terrestrial ecosystem can regulate water amount of 43.71×10⁸ m³, reduce a total nitrogen of 6079.72 t, and a total phosphorus of 734.99 t, as well as retain 150.76×10⁴ t of soil per year. The landscape composite index ranges from 0.96 to 1.11, reflecting relative great value of service. 2) The total quantity of terrestrial ecosystem service functions have difference in space, as well as the amount of per unit area. From the total quantity, the ecosystem service function of Yixing, Liyang, and Jintan is higher, but for Dantu, Danyang and Wujin, it is lower. Topography and water distribution are the main reasons for the differences. From the amount of unit area, Dantu and Danyang are high, Liyang, Jintan and Yixing are at a general level, Wujin is the minimum. The land use patterns in the polders are the main reasons for the differences. 3) The management and recovery of ecosystem service functions in polders should refer to the results of assessment and be suited to the local conditions. The counties which have strong ecosystem service functions should bring into playing their advantages. And certain measures should be taken to restore the weak ecosystem service functions. 4) The study has reference value for the ecological environmental protection and improvement and the optimization of land use in polders.