Oral bioaccessibility of metals in an urban catchment,Newcastle upon Tyne |
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Authors: | B K Gbefa J A Entwistle J R Dean |
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Institution: | (1) School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK;; |
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Abstract: | The metal content was determined in soils from a former, historic, contaminated land site and now a ‘green’ public open space
in N.E. England. Using a systematic sampling grid approach, 32 soil samples were taken from locations across the site and
analyzed for six potentially toxic elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn). Initially, the pseudo-total metal content of the
soils was determined using acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. This data was
evaluated against published soil guideline value (SGV) and generic assessment criteria (GAC) values; it was found that 21%
(i.e., 41 samples) exceeded the stated lower values. The data was then compared to the oral bioaccessibility of the soils,
which was assessed by an in-vitro gastrointestinal extraction procedure. The results, determined as the % BAF, indicated that
overall bioaccessibility was low (<10% BAF) for all the elements studied; the exception was Cd. Given that SGV/GAC values
are based on generic land-use categories and not a public open space, as investigated in this work, further work is recommended
on developing a qualitative risk assessment at the site to estimate the risks posed to human health via the direct and indirect
soil ingestion pathway. |
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