北京农业虚拟水结构变化及贸易研究

通过依据典型区县实际灌溉定额调查成果并用全国作物需水量等值线图进行修正,确定出北京市主要农作物的需水量,对北京农作物种植结构变化、农业用水及其GDP效益作了分析,进而对各类农作物历年的虚拟水含量及其结构变化进行了研究,最后基于投入产出方法对北京农业虚拟水贸易进行了计算分析.结果表明,① 近年来,北京地区粮食作物虚拟水总量持续减少,由1990年的18.32×10⁸ m³减少到2004年的4.283×10⁸ m³,经济作物虚拟水总量却呈上升趋势,由1990年的9.06×10⁸ m³增加到2004年的14.92×10⁸ m³,但总体上农作物虚拟水总量仍呈现下降趋势;②北京是一个农产品虚拟水净输入的地区,年平均虚拟水净输入量约为2.37×10⁸ m³,这相当于北京市年产水资源总量的5.93％,间接地缓解了北京市水资源紧缺的局面.

Research on the Virtual Water Composition and Virtual Water Trade for Agriculture in Beijing

Based on the irrigation norm of typical district and county, and revised by the isoline map of Chinese crops water demand, the change of crops program was analyzed as well as the agricultural water use and its GDP benefits. Then the virtual water was calculated for years. At last, the input-output method was used to calculate the trade of virtual water in Beijing. As the results, the virtual water for cereal crops has been decreasing in Beijing, from 1.832×10⁹ m³ in 1990 to 4.283×10⁸ m³ in 2004. Otherwise the virtual water for technical crops has been increasing, which is from 9.06×10⁸ m³ in 1990 to 1.492×10⁹ m³ in 2004. On the whole, the virtual water for crops has been decreasing in Beijing. From the angle of primary products Beijing is a virtual water importing area. Virtual water importing of annual average is 2.37×10⁸ m³, which is about 5.93% of the total water of Beijing. Virtual water has been an important supplement of local real water of Beijing.