危险化学品重大危险源辨识中存在问题的研究与探讨

根据对GB18218—2000《重大危险源辨识》和新标准GB18218—2009《危险化学品重大危险源辨识》以及国内外重大危险源辨识标准的对比分析,提出我国危险化学品重大危险源辨识中存在的四大问题。针对重大危险源涵盖种类仍不齐全的问题,提出将重大危险源从能量和物质两个角度划分,即标准涵盖的危险源种类应加入危险能量重大危险源;针对临界量不合理的问题,提出以死亡半径作为分界点,通过模拟计算确定危险物质的临界量的方法,使确定出的临界量符合相关法律法规规定量;针对重大危险源单元范围划分不合理的问题,提出采用模拟计算,以火灾爆炸事故破坏范围中的财产损失半径来定义单元覆盖距离的方法;针对缺少重大危险源危险性分级方法的问题,通过分析比较国内较为流行的几种重大危险源分级技术的优缺点及适用条件,提出多种分级方法结合的组合式分级方法。

Research and Discussion on Problems about Identification of Major Hazard Installations for Dangerous Chemicals

Through a comparison and analysis among standard GB18218—2000 "identification of major hazard installations", the new standard GB18218—2009 "identification of major hazard installation for dangerous chemicals" and foreign standards, four problems about identification of major hazard installations are proposed. For the problem that the major hazard installations have not covered a full range, it is proposed to divide the major hazard into energy and material parts, which means to add the dangerous energy major hazard installations into the standard hazard installations. For the unreasonable threshold quantity, the death radius is proposed as a boundary point to simulate and determine the threshold quantity of the dangerous chemical, so as to make the threshold quantity comply with the relevant laws and regulations. For the unreasonable unit division of major hazard installations, the radius of the property loss in fire and explosion accidents in simulated calculation is used to define the covered distance of the unit. For the lack of the classification of major hazard installation, the advantages, disadvantages and the applicable conditions of several prevailing classification technology of major hazard installations at home are analyzed and compared, and then the practical combinatorial classification technology of major hazard installation is brought forward.