植物耐受和解除重金属毒性研究进展

总结了植物细胞及分子水平对重金属耐性和解除其毒性的途径.植物通过避免增加细胞内敏感位点毒物浓度来解除重金属毒性.其途径主要有:一方面通过菌根化、细胞壁吸收及根系分泌物的螯合作用减少根系吸收重金属进入细胞质;另一方面通过体内调节机制解除重金属毒性和提高耐性,主要通过一系列膜蛋白对进入细胞质内的重金属排出细胞质外、隔离于液泡中,或将重金属转变为无毒性形态挥发入大气,或通过细胞质内的植物螯合素、金属硫蛋白、有机酸、氨基酸、多胺等对重金属螯合,解除重金属毒性;同时植物还可以在重金属胁迫下产生热休克蛋白修复胁迫伤害的蛋白质.本文提供了涉及植物重金属解毒和耐性广泛的观点和证据.

Advance for heavy metal tolerance and detoxification research in plants

It was summarized that plant endured and detoxificated the toxicity of heavy metals. The main mechanism was to reduce concentration of heavy metals in sensitive parts in plants to avoid the toxicity of heavy metals. The main ways may be involved in mycorrhizas, binding heavy metals to the cell wall and exudates of root, chelating heavy metals to reduce heavy metals into cytoplasm. On the other hand, plants detoxificated the toxicity of heavy metals by reducing uptake or pumping out heavy metals at the plasm...