基于经济性评价的北京市平原区农村污水治理模式优化研究

随着我国农村生活污水治理深入推进，治理模式优选逐渐成为制约村污治理成效的关键.针对农村生活污水治理模式判据缺失的现状，结合北京市农村生活污水治理背景，系统梳理北京市农村生活污水治理历程和治理现状，采用费用效益分析方法，建立基于两级临界距离的治污模式判据，以通州区潞城镇治污模式优化作为案例研究，验证治污模式判据的时效性.研究结果表明，北京市采用城镇带村（39.8%）、联村（22.5%）和单村治理模式（37.7%），解决全市1906个村庄污水治理问题，建设规模为50~500 m³·d^-1的污水处理厂站.潞城镇案例研究表明，以户间临界距离190 m和村间临界距离4.5 km作为潞城镇治理模式判据，通过城带村、镇带村、联村和单村分别解决6、8、18和1个村庄污水治理问题.建议后续在治理模式综合评价、因地制宜、一区一策以及县域尺度统筹农村污水治理规划，实现农村治污综合效益最大化.

Research on the optimal selection of domestic sewage treatment modes based on economic evaluation in rural plain areas of Beijing

With the development of rural domestic sewage treatment in our country, optimal selection of treatment mode has gradually become the key factor to restrict the success or failure of rural sewage treatment. In view of the current lack of criterion for selecting rural sewage treatment modes, this study systematically sorts out the treatment process and current status of rural sewage treatment based on the the background of rural sewage treatment in Beijing. Cost-benefit analysis method has been employed to establish the criterion through a two-level critical distance. The optimization of rural sewage treatment modes in Lucheng town, Tongzhou district, is used as a case study to demonstrate the effective of the criterion. The results show that the the modes of concentrated collection and transport to municipal sewage treatment plant (39.8%), multiple-village (22.5%) and single-village (37.7%) have been employed to treat the sewage from 1906 villages, and the sewage treatment plants with scales of 50~500 m³·d^-1 in Beijing. The critical distance between households (190 m) and the critical distance between villages (4.5 km) are the criterion to select the treatment modes of Lucheng town, the modes of concentrated collection and transport to municipal sewage treatment plant, multiple-village and single-village have been selected to solve 6 villages, 8 villages, 18 villages and 1 village, respectively. In order to achieve the maximum comprehensive benefit, it is recommended to follow up the comprehensive evaluation of the governance model, adapting to local conditions, one policy for one district, and county-level overall planning of rural sewage treatment.