松花江哈尔滨段及阿什河抗生素的分布规律与生态风险评估

利用固相萃取、高效液相色谱-质谱串联法检测分析松花江流域哈尔滨段及支流阿什河中磺胺类、氟喹诺酮类和大环内酯类这3类10种抗生素分布规律，分析了抗生素浓度与水质指标的相关性，并评估其生态风险.结果表明，10种抗生素中在松花江哈尔滨城区入境断面仅检测到6种抗生素并且检测浓度相对较低，但在出境断面检测出9种抗生素仅磺胺甲嘧啶未检出，其中，大环内酯类抗生素增加最为显著，其次为磺胺类和氟喹诺酮类，哈尔滨城区内3条支流汇入是导致松花江水体抗生素浓度增加的直接原因.除磺胺吡啶和磺胺甲嘧啶外其余8种抗生素在阿什河各水样中的检出率均达100%，在阿什河上游断面仅磺胺吡啶未检出，但在阿什河入松花江处10种抗生素均检出，除诺氟沙星外其余9种均为各断面最高.阿什河沿岸4个污水处理厂排放的废水是影响阿什河中抗生素浓度的重要因素.相关性分析表明，松花江哈尔滨段水系中磺胺类抗生素与氨氮和总有机碳、氟喹诺酮类抗生素与氨氮和总磷、大环内酯类抗生素与氨氮、总磷和总有机碳均存在显著正相关关系（P<0.05），阿什河水系中3类抗生素与氨氮和总磷存在显著正相关关系（P<0.05），表明松花江哈尔滨段及阿什河水体水质指标与其抗生素浓度密切相关.生态风险评估结果表明，松花江流域哈尔滨段及阿什河水系中大环内酯类抗生素存在一定的生态风险.

Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in the Songhua River Basin of the Harbin Section and Ashe River

Solid phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) were used to detect and analyze the distribution of 10 antibiotics including sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides in the Harbin section of Songhua River basin and Ashe River, a tributary of Songhua River. The correlation between the antibiotic concentration and water quality indexes was analyzed and the ecological risks were evaluated. The results showed that only six antibiotics were detected in the entry section of Harbin city on the Songhua River and the concentration was relatively low. However, nine antibiotics were detected in the exit section and only sulfamethazine (SM1) was not detected. The concentrations of macrolide antibiotics increased most significantly, followed by those of sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones. The inflow of three tributaries in Harbin city was the direct cause of the increase in antibiotic concentration in the Songhua River. Only sulfapyridine (SMPD) was not detected in the upper section of Ashe River. Ten antibiotics were detected in the section where the Ashe River enters the Songhua River. The other nine antibiotics were the highest except norfloxacin (NOR). Wastewater discharged from four sewage treatment plants along Ashe River is an important factor affecting the concentration of antibiotics in the Ashe River. Correlation analysis shows that three kinds of antibiotics in the Songhua River have certain positive correlations with ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon. There is a significant positive correlation between the three kinds of antibiotics and ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the Ashe River system, indicating that the water quality indexes of the Harbin section of Songhua River and Ashe River are closely related to their antibiotic concentrations. The results of ecological risk assessment showed that macrolide antibiotics in the Harbin section of Songhua and Ashe Rivers had certain ecological risks.