填料对潮汐流人工湿地中CANON作用强化的影响

为了缩短潮汐流人工湿地（TFCW）中基于亚硝化的全程自养脱氮（CANON）作用的启动进程并进一步提高该作用的强度，探究了不同种类填料下CANON型TFCW的启动性能及其微生物特征.结果表明，填料的理化特性可显著影响脱氮功能菌（尤其是ANAMMOX菌）的富集效果及其活性，进而可影响CANON型TFCW系统的启动进程及其脱氮性能.相较于公分石，陶粒、沸石、废砖块和龙虾壳均可不同程度地提高ANAMMOX菌在TFCW中的丰度与活性，进而可缩短CANON型TFCW的启动时间并提高其脱氮性能.当系统水力负荷为0.96 m³·（m²·d）^-1且以龙虾壳为湿地填料时，CANON型TFCW仅需300个运行周期即可完成启动，好氧氨氧化菌（AOB）和ANAMMOX菌为其中的两种优势脱氮菌群，且系统在稳定运行阶段对TN和NH₄⁺-N的去除率分别可达（88.37±1.19）%和（91.03±0.66）%，其次为废砖块、沸石、陶粒和公分石.

Effect of Filter Medium on the Enhancement of Complete Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal over Nitrite Process in a Tidal Flow Constructed Wetland

This study attempted to shorten the time wasted at the startup of a complete autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process in a tidal flow constructed wetland (TFCW) to achieve higher nitrogen removal rates. Thus, the starting performance and the related microbiological characteristics of different kinds of filter media filling the TFCW were explored at an appropriate drainage rate. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the filter medium could significantly affect the quantity and activity of the functional microbes (especially ANAMMOX bacteria) enriched in the TFCWs, leading to fluctuations of the starting time and nitrogen transformation rates of the systems filled with five different kinds of filter media. Compared with that of gravel, the quantity and activity of ANAMMOX bacteria in the bed could be enhanced to different degrees as the TFCW was filled with ceramsite, zeolite, broken bricks, and lobster shells. Correspondingly, the starting times of the TFCWs with the CANON process were shortened, and their nitrogen removal performances could also be optimized. When the hydraulic loading rate of the TFCW was 0.96 m³·(m²·d)^-1, the initiation of the CANON process could be accomplished successfully in the system filled with lobster shells within 300 cycles, since AOB and ANAMMOX bacteria could become dominant quickly in the packing bed. Moreover, the TN and NH₄⁺-N removal rates could reach up to (88.37±1.19)% and (91.03±0.66)%, respectively, followed by those of broken bricks, zeolite, ceramsite, and gravel.