生态环境脆弱地区城市化发展特征及城市发展路径选择流程研究

脆弱的生态环境会对城市化进程产生一定的约束作用。生态环境脆弱地区的城市化,表现出与非脆弱地区不同的特征。以往的研究,更倾向于对各类生态环境脆弱地区分别进行研究。本文试图站在更宏观的角度,通过研究生态环境脆弱和非脆弱地区这两个大类在城市化发展方面的异同,明确生态环境脆弱地区城市化发展的特征及合适的路径。首先在阅读了大量国内外相关文献的基础上,总结了干旱区、喀斯特地区、高寒地区、过渡区等类型的生态环境脆弱区的共性,了解其城市化现状及约束因素,并结合学者们的研究,与生态环境良好地区的城市化进行了对比,提出发展的对策。在理论分析的基础上,文章第二部分初步构建了一个生态环境脆弱地区城市化发展路径的选择方法及流程。研究表明生态环境脆弱区城市化的制约因素主要有地质条件、地形、水文、气候、植被和地上地下自然资源等,与生态环境良好地区城市化的差异主要体现在产业选择、人口承载力及城市建设用地等方面,这些方面也是该类地区在城市化过程中应格外重视的。生态环境脆弱地区城市化路径选择流程主要分为以下几个步骤：归类、分析城市化水平及阶段、分析生态环境演变历程、研究城市化与生态环境的相互作用机制、情景分析、制定战略规划,确定城市的功能、定位等。

Urbanization development characteristics and its path selection process in fragile ecological environment

The fragile ecological environment has the role of certain constraints for urbanization.The urbanization in vulnerable areas shows different characteristics with that in non-vulnerable areas.Previous studies preferred to focus on specific fragile ecological environment in a case-by-case way.This paper attempts to stand on a more macro perspective,by studying the similarities and differences of urbanizations between fragile and non fragile areas,to clear the urbanization development characteristics in fragile ecological environment and its appropriate path.This paper,firstly,based on a lot of readings in relevant literature,summarizes the common characteristics among arid region,karst areas,alpine regions,the transition zone and other types of fragile ecological environment.By understanding current urbanization situations and constraints in those regions and connecting scholars＇ researches,we advance suggestions on the development in fragile ecological environment,comparing with the situations in good ecological environment.After theoretical analysis,the second part of the paper initially constructs a selection method and its process for the fragile ecological environment urbanization development pathways.Studies show that the main constraints for the fragile ecological environment urbanization are geological conditions,topography,hydrology,climate,vegetation and natural resources above and below ground.The differences compared with good ecological environment urbanization are mainly in industry selection,population carrying capacity and the city construction land,etc.All of them are also extremely important emphasized for the urbanization in the fragile area.The urbanization path selection process in fragile ecological environment is divided into the following steps： classification,analyzing the level of urbanization and its stages,analyzing the evolution process of the ecological environment,studying urbanization and eco-environment interaction mechanism,scenario analysis,scenario analysis,strategic planning,deciding the city＇s function and its position,and so on.