重要生态功能区典型生态服务及其评估指标体系的构建

科学评估重要生态功能区的生态服务是管理者制定相关政策的基础,对促进重要生态功能区维护区域生态安全、支撑经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。依据生态服务的空间转移特性,探索提出了重要生态功能区典型生态服务的概念与内涵,并在此基础上综合运用频度分析法、专家咨询法和层次分析法,构建了重要生态功能区水源涵养、土壤保持、防风固沙、生物多样性保护和洪水调蓄等典型生态服务的评估指标体系。结果表明：在指标体系中,影响水源涵养服务的主要是土壤质地和降水量;影响土壤保持服务的主要是植被覆盖度和丰富度指数;影响防风固沙服务的主要是植被覆盖度和大风时速;影响生物多样性服务的主要是植被景观多样性指数;影响洪水调蓄服务的主要是湿地容积和降水量。土壤、植被、地形和气候等生态因子是重要生态功能区典型生态服务产生与发挥的重要基础。

Typical ecosystem services and evaluation indicator system of significant eco-function areas

Ecosystem services of significant eco-function areas play more and more important role in protecting national and regional ecological security,developing regional economy and society.Evaluating the ecosystem service of significant eco-function areas is the base for decision-makers to design relevant protecting policies. In order to enhance the protection and management level of significant eco-function areas,this paper advances a set of evaluation indicator system for typical ecosystem services of significant eco-function areas.The concept and connotation of typical ecosystem services of significant eco-function areas is put forward and the evaluation indicator system is set up using Frequency Analysis,Expert Advice Method and Analytical Hierarchy together based on the spatial transfer characteristics of ecosystem services.The study indicated that water holding,soil conservation,sand-fixing,biodiversity conservation and floodwater adjustment and storage are the main five typical ecosystem services of significant eco-function areas.Vegetation,soil,topography and climate are the major natural factors,which play together to help producing ecosystem services.In the indicator system,main factors affecting the water holding,soil conservation,sand-fixing,biodiversity conservation,floodwater adjustment and storage services are soil character and precipitation,vegetation coverage and species richness,vegetation coverage and gale hours,vegetation landscape diversity index,wetland cubage and rainfall respectively.There are some limitations in this research because of data and method restriction.So the more in-depth studies should be carried out in the future such as the ecosystem services mechanism,composing of the evaluation indicator system,and the consideration of social benefits of ecosystem services.