采油用油田化学剂对鱼类的急性毒性实验研究

以白鲢鱼为实验生物,采用半静态实验方法,研究了几种油田化学剂的半致死浓度和安全浓度。研究表明:防膨剂、杀菌剂K、杀菌剂L、清蜡剂、四氟硼酸、酸化缓蚀剂、阻垢剂、阻垢缓蚀剂、缓蚀阻垢剂和破乳剂的96h半致死浓度LC50值分别为0.68、1.6、9.3、25、123、510、620、3240、4570、7410mg/L。根据化学物质对鱼类毒性物质分级标准,防膨剂属于剧毒物质;杀菌剂K、杀菌剂L和清蜡剂属于高毒物质;四氟硼酸、酸化缓蚀剂和阻垢剂属于中毒物质;阻垢缓蚀剂、缓蚀阻垢剂和破乳剂属于低毒物质。这几种油田化学剂的安全浓度为0.068～741mg/L。此研究可为评价油田化学剂对水生生物的影响,制定废水排放浓度标准提供依据。

Experimental Study on Toxic Effects of Some Oilfield Chemicals on Silver Carp

Aquatic ecotoxicological effects of zebrafish(Silver Carp)to some oilfield chemicals were investigated in this paper using the semi-static bioassay and safety concentration.Results indicated that the 96 h LC50 values of the resistant clay stabilizer,fungicide,paraffin inhibitor,tetrafluoroborate,acidizing inhibitor corrosion,inhibitor,corrosion and scale inhibitor and demulsifiers on zebrafish were 0.68,1.6,9.3,25,123,510,620,3240,4570,7410 mg/L respectively.According to the criteria for evaluating and grading of chemicals toxicity to fishes,the toxicity of resistant clay stabilizer belonged to the highest exposure level,fungicide and paraffin inhibitor belonged to high exposure level,tetrafluoroborate,acidizing inhibitor corrosion and inhibitor belonged to middle exposure level,and tetrafluoroborate,acidizing inhibitor corrosion,inhibitor,corrosion and scale inhibitor and demulsifiers belonged to lower exposure level.The safety concentration was 0.068-741 mg/L.The study provided the basis for evaluation the impacts of chemicals and waste water discharge on water organism.