Early learning of discrete call variants in red crossbills: implications for reliable signaling |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Kendra?B?SewallEmail author |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA;(2) Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA |
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Abstract: | The identification of appropriate companions and mates is essential to both speciation and the maintenance of species through
prezygotic isolation. In many birds, social assortment is mediated by vocalizations learned through imitation. When imitative
vocal learning occurs throughout life, emergent shared signals reflect current social associations. However, when vocal and
genetic variation arises among populations, shared learned signal variants have a potential to reflect cultural or genetic
origin and to limit social and reproductive intermixing, provided that signal learning occurs prior to dispersal. The red
crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) is a bird species in which discrete contact call variants are associated with morphological variation, raising the possibility
that learned calls play a role in limiting intermixing. I examined the process of early call learning to determine if contact
call variants have a potential to limit intermixing in crossbills. I conducted a captive playback study to nestlings to evaluate
potential learning predispositions. I also cross-fostered nestlings to adoptive adult pairs of either their own or a different
call variant than their biological parents to assess the degree of vocal learning plasticity. Results show that young crossbills
imitate the call structures of adoptive parents, generating shared family-specific calls, which could facilitate family cohesion.
Learning processes that generate family-specific calls could also ensure that discrete call variants are transmitted across
generations, making call variants reliable signals of crossbills’ morphological and genetic backgrounds. |
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