含氧生物质燃料的生命周期评价

为公正评价汽车代用燃料的能耗与环境效益,运用生命周期评价方法,研究了在燃料中分别添加不同比例的乙醇和甲酯2种生物质,带来的生命周期能耗和污染物排放变化,并对含氧生物质燃料的未来情景进行了预测分析.结果表明:乙醇代用燃料未降低化石燃料消耗,甲酯代用燃料可降低约20%的化石燃料消耗;几种配比的代用燃料均可降低石油消耗,甲酯代用燃料降低的趋势更加明显;各种代用燃料的温室气体排放都比较严重;乙醇代用燃料增加了NO_x排放,而甲酯代用燃料可降低约50%的NO_x排放;乙醇和甲酯的加入均能降低车用阶段的PM₁₀排放;燃料生产阶段的SO₂排放在整个生命周期中约占80%,必须严格控制;甲酯代用燃料可降低VOC排放.

Life Cycle Assessment on Oxygen Biofuels

Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) was used to compare energy consumption and pollutant emissions of two oxygen biofuels,ethanol and methyl ester,which were mixed with gasoline and diesel oil at levels of 10% and 30% of the biofuel.The future of oxygen-containing biofuels was analyzed and forecasted.The results show that the mixture of biofuels and petroleum products can reduce crude oil consumption,but only methyl ester alternative fuel can reduce fossil fuel consumption.Use of methyl ester mixtures would reduce NO_x by 50% compared to gasoline or diesel on a life cycle basis;however,NO_x would increase using ethanol. Each alternative fuel mixture reduced PM₁₀ emissions from the vehicle and methyl ester decreased VOCs.The SO₂ emissions from the fuel production processes,which account for about 80% of SO₂ life cycle emissions,must be strictly controlled.