Phytotoxicity of nickel in a range of European soils: influence of soil properties, Ni solubility and speciation |
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Authors: | Rooney Corinne P Zhao Fang-Jie McGrath Steve P |
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Institution: | Agriculture and Environment Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK. |
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Abstract: | We investigated the influence of soil properties on Ni toxicity to barley root and tomato shoot growth, using 16 European soils. The effective concentration of added Ni causing 50% inhibition (EC(50)) ranged from 52 to 1929mgkg(-1) and from 17 to 920mgkg(-1) for the barley and tomato test, respectively, representing 37- and 54-fold variation among soils. Soil cation exchange capacity was the best single predictor for the EC(50). The EC(50) based on either the Ni concentration or free Ni(2+) activity in soil solution varied less among soils (7-14 fold) than that based on the total added Ni, suggesting that solubility of Ni is a key factor influencing its toxicity to plants. The EC(50) for free Ni(2+) activity from the barley test decreased with increasing pH, indicating a protective effect of protons. The results can be used in the risk assessment of Ni in the terrestrial environment. |
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