流域管理:权力产权的外部性问题

水资源的自然、经济和社会属性要求政府对流域的开发和利用进行管理,以解决个体使用者的外部性问题.但实际上由于政府并不是只有单一目标的统一组织,在分权体制下,不同区域、部门的政府单元掌握着实际权力.由于权力也存在外部性,各管理区域、部门之间存在利益冲突,导致政府的管理失效.解决政府权力外部性的办法:一是要转变政府职能,改变政府的激励机制;二是严格界定各政府单元的权力界限,对流域进行统一管理.

Catchment Management:The Problems of Externalities on Power as Property Rights

Acoording to the natural,economic and social attributes of water resources,the government had to supervise the development and use of catchment in order to preclude externalities caused by individual users.But in fact,the government was not an organization with only one objective.The power of governance was divided to different branches of government in different areas and each had its own objectives.Due to the externalities in the process of wielding power in catchment management,conflicts might exist between different branches of government,which resulted in inefficiency of state interference.Some suggestions were proposed to solve these problems.