中国湖泊水生植被退化现状与对策

以中国东部湖区与云贵湖区的若干湖泊为例,论述了中国湖泊水生植被退化的现状与问题。这些问题主要是水生植被分布面积缩小,水生植物分布深度下降,总生物量下降,物种多样性下降,耐污性较强的植物发展迅速。区别于国内外其它研究主要是从水生植物自身的生理学角度阐述水生植被退化的原因,本文是从人口密度、人口压力、经济发展、城市化进程等社会因素方面深层次分析了中国水生植被退化的因素,并且提出了可能的恢复对策与恢复过程中可能存在的问题。认为水生植被恢复,在截污的基础上,营造水生植被适宜生长的小生境至关重要。由于水生植被恢复与自然演替是一个同时存在的动态过程,以及水生植被恢复指标的不可确定等,所以水生植被生态恢复无论在基础理论研究方面还是生态工程实施技术上都有许多值得进一步探讨和研究之处。

Macrophyte degradation status and countermeasures in China

Taking lakes in East Plain and Yungui Plateau of China as examples, this paper analyzed the status and trend of macro- phyte degradation. The main problems were the decreases in distribution area and depth, total biomass and biodiversity of macro- phyes. Species having more ability to resist pollution have developed quickly. The paper discussed macrophyte degradation in rela- tion to the population, economy, and urbanization process, rather than to physiological aspects. When external loading is reduced substantially, rehabilitation of the macrophyte should be considered as an important countermeasure. However, as the process of both macrophyte restoration and natural succession coexist, both theoretical and eco-technological studies on macrophyte restoration are needed