分散式污水处理技术研究进展

2008年我国58万个自然村中污水处理率仅为3%，2012年也仅达8%，未处理的污水总量是城市和县城采用集中式污水处理总量的1.5倍，分散式污水污染控制成为亟待解决的环境问题。论文阐述了分散式污水处理的概念和系统组成，指出分散式污水处理主要采用生物处理技术。从厌氧生物处理、好氧生物处理和自然生物处理3个方面分析了各种分散式污水处理技术的研究进展、技术原理及优缺点，其中人工湿地、稳定塘、浮床、蚯蚓生态滤池、生态厕所等自然生物处理技术，具有建设费用低、环境影响小、因地制宜、灵活多样等优点，已成为新型、经济、环保的分散式污水处理主导技术。最后提出了分散式污水处理技术的研究方向。

Advances of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Technologies

The rate of wastewater treatment was only 3% among the 580 thousand villages of China in 2008 and also only reached 8% in 2012. The total amount of untreated decentralized wastewater was as 1.5 times as centralized sewage treatment in city and county. Environment pollution problem of decentralized wastewater has become more and more seriously and it needs urgently to resolve. This paper described the concept and components of decentralized wastewater treatment, and pointed out that biological treatment was usually used. The research developments, principles and advantages and disadvantages of various wastewater treatment technologies were analyzed from 3 aspects of anaerobic, aerobic and natural biological treatment. Wetland, stabilization pond, earthworm eco-filter, eco-toilets and other natural biological treatment technologies have many advantages including a low construction cost, low environmental impact, suitable for local conditions, flexible, etc, and are becoming new, economical, environmental friendly and dominant technologies for decentralized wastewater treatment. Finally the research direction of decentralized wastewater treatment technologies was put up forward.