三江源区草场生态恶化原因新解

上世纪60年代以来三江源区草场“三化”明显,生态恶化,究其原因,既有自然因素的影响,又有人类活动的作用。通过比较分析有测量记录的气温、降雨和年末牲畜存栏数、采金、挖虫草(Cordycepssinensis)规模的变化及其与草原植被覆盖度变化的关系,文章为人为成因说提供了更为翔实可靠的证据。结论:超载是1957—1979年间、采金子和挖虫草是1980—2004年间草场生态恶化的主要原因。

A new solution to degeneration of the grassland ecosystem in Sanjiangyuan district induced by human activities

The grassland ecosystem in Sanjiangyuan District has been degenerating since 1960, the main causes is not only the effects of natural factors, but also the effects of human activities. By analyzing comparatively the relationship between the change of annual average temperature, rainfall, amount of livestock, scale of digging gold, scale of digging Chongcao and degeneration of the grassland ecosystem in Sanjiangyuan District, this paper offered more detailed proof for the theory on the degeneration induced by human activities. The conclusions are that excessive graze were the main cause of the degeneration from 1957 to 1979, digging gold and Chongcao were the main cause of the degeneration from 1980 to 2004.