管制员安全能力模型研究

为准确评价管制员安全能力,基于能力的定义和管制员工作职责,界定管制员安全能力的内涵;依据该内涵及其工作特性,建立由身体素质、业务素质和意识3个结构维度组成的管制员安全能力模型。其中,身体素质包括生理状况和心理状况;业务素质包括教育状况、培训状况、技能状况和经验状况;意识包括安全意识和工作意识。在各项指标性质差异较大情况下,利用功效系数法实现评价指标的标准化以减小误差,客观反映指标情况,同时采用G1-法和熵值法集成的主客观综合赋权法确定指标的权重,在一定程度上弥补主客观单一赋权的不足,最后通过逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)评价管制员安全能力。结果表明,按照从大到小排序对管制员安全能力的影响因素依次为意识、身体素质和业务素质。就对所论能力的影响而言,心理状况强于生理状况;技能状况强教育、培训和经验状况;安全意识对意识的影响大于工作意识。

Study on Safety Capability Model of Air Traffic Controllers

In order to evaluate civil aviation air traffic controllers’ safety capabilities correctly,the nature of civil aviation air traffic controller’s safety capability is defined according to the competence and controller’s job responsibility.Base on the meaning of controller’s safety capability and job specification,a model for controller’s safety capability is built,which has three structural dimensions including physical quality,professional quality and consciousness.Physical quality includes physical conditions and psychological conditions.Professional quality includes the educational background,training background,skills and experience.Consciousness includes safety consciousness and work consciousness.In order to reduce the error under the conditions that there is a big difference of attributes among the indexes and to reflect the index objectively,efficacy coefficient method is used to standardize the evaluation index.In the meantime,the subjective and objective comprehensive weight method determines the index and makes up the shortcomings of single weight method by integrating the G1 method and entropy method.Finally,the TOPSIS is employed to evaluate the level of civil aviation air traffic controller’s safety capability.The results show that the factors influencing controllers’ safety capabilities are consciousness,physical quality and the professional quality in order according to influencing power.For the influencing power on the capabilities,the psychological condition has a greater impact than the physiological condition;skills are stronger than educational background,training background and experience;safety consciousness is stronger than work consciousness.