Effectiveness of erosion mitigation measures to prevent muddy floods: A case study in the Belgian loam belt |
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| Institution: | 1. Département de Géographie, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 3, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;2. Département des Sciences du Milieu et de l’Aménagement du Territoire, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 2, Bte 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;3. Watering van Sint-Truiden, Interbestuurlijke samenwerking Land en Water, Minderbroedersstraat, 16, B-3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium;1. INRA, UMR1347 Agroécologie, 17 rue Sully, F-21065 Dijon Cedex, France;2. INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, Centre de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France;3. CEBC, UMR 7372 CNRS – Université de La Rochelle, F-79360 Villiers enBois, France;4. Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Carrefour de la Canauderie, 79360 Villiers en bois, France;5. Université de Bourgogne, UMR6282 Biogéosciences, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France;6. UMR 5175 CEFE-CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier 5, France;7. LTER « ZA Plaine & Val de Sèvre », CNRS-CEBC, F-79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France;1. USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Lab., El Reno, OK, USA;2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;1. College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China;2. National Cooperative Innovation Center for Water Safety & Hydro-Science of Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China;3. State Key Laboratory Hydrology-Water Resources & Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China |
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| Abstract: | During the previous decade, 68% of the municipalities in the Belgian loam belt have been confronted with muddy floods from agricultural catchments after intense rainfall. A muddy flood means that runoff concentrates in a dry valley causing damage to infrastructure and housing property downstream. A typical problem area is the village of Velm where a permanent river is constrained by a culvert designed to accommodate its peak discharge. However, the design of the culvert does not take the local flooding from seven dry valleys just upstream into account. This study focuses on peak discharge from one of these agricultural catchments (ca. 300 ha). The Meshed Hydrological Model (MHM) is used to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures to reduce flooding. Seasonal variation of soil cover in cropland and difference in land use patterns, i.e. before and after land consolidation is explicitly taken into account. The land cover spatial pattern was mapped at regular intervals during 2003. The largest potential of runoff generation occurs in December, and therefore represents a worst-case scenario. Mitigation measures implemented after the extreme event of August 2002 (i.e. a 12 ha grassed waterway and a retention dam in the thalweg) alleviate the flooding risk in Velm. The model simulates a peak discharge and a runoff volume reduction of more than 40%. The retention pond would buffer the generated runoff volume entirely for the worst-case scenario. Land consolidation carried out in the 1970s has led to an increase in peak discharge by 33% and in runoff volume by 19%. The major role played by a new consolidation road built in the thalweg on runoff concentration is highlighted. Implementation of additional soil conservation measures is therefore needed to limit runoff generation within the catchment. |
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