Effects of management cessation on grassland butterflies in southern Poland |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;2. Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle, Germany;1. Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory of Ecological Systems (ECOS), Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;2. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Site Lausanne, Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;3. Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 16 route de Gray, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France;4. ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;5. University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland;6. Irstea, UR EMGR Mountain Ecosystems, 2 rue de la Papeterie, BP 76, 38402 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France;1. ODBU (Observatoire Départemental de la Biodiversité Urbaine), Conseil Général de la Seine-Saint-Denis, Hôtel du Département, 93006 Bobigny Cedex, France;2. UMR 7204 CNRS-MNHN-UPMC, Centre des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CP 51, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France;1. Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States;2. Salt Lake City Fire Department, Salt Lake City, UT, United States;1. Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8,CZ-603 65 Brno, Czech Republic;2. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Brani?ovská 31, CZ-370 05 ?eské Budějovice, Czech Republic;3. Pavol Jozef ?afárik Univerzity in Ko?ice, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Moyzesova 11, SK-04001 Ko?ice, Slovakia;4. Raptor Protection of Slovakia, Kuklovská 5, SK-84104 Bratislava, Slovakia;5. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vini?ná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic;6. Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Brani?ovská 31, CZ-370 05 ?eské Budějovice, Czech Republic;7. Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia;1. Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands;2. Conservation Biology Group, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Balzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;3. Applied Plant Ecology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany;4. School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;5. De Vlinderstichting/Dutch Butterfly Conservation, P.O. Box 506, 6700 AM, Wageningen, The Netherlands;6. Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands;7. PUCCIMAR, Boermarke 35, 9481 HD, Vries, The Netherlands;1. School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;2. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada;3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada;4. School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;5. Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada;6. Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | The effects of natural succession and invasions of indigenous reed Phragmites australis and alien goldenrods Solidago sp. on butterfly communities of wet grassland were investigated in Kraków (southern Poland) after management cessation.The total number of species and individuals, mean number of species per survey and a species diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) were highest in fallow lands, old fallow lands and young forests, and the lowest in fallow lands invaded by reed and goldenrod and in mature forests. These results (1) reveal the importance of extensively mown meadows and fallow land for butterflies, (2) indicate that meadow restoration is still possible even several decades after abandonment and (3) show that invasion of reed and non-native goldenrods should be prevented.A few very rare species included in the Habitat Directive (Lycaena dispar, Lycaena helle, Maculinea teleius and Maculinea nausithous) were common on the wet grasslands in Krakow, thus the area should be protected. Moreover, it was shown that the presence and relative abundance of Maculinea butterflies were good indicators of general butterfly species richness and abundance in the investigated wet grasslands. |
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