低碳沼气工程建设的生态经济效益核算研究——以广西恭城瑶族自治县为例

在全球气候变暖和快速城市化的背景下,农村地区是能源集约消耗的薄弱区域,其经济、社会、生态的可持续发展一直受到制约。沼气工程作为一种清洁用能方式,在优化用能结构、减少环境污染、节约自然资源、增加农民收入和促进农村经济转型等方面具有较大优势。本文选择广西恭城瑶族自治县这一沼气工程建设全国示范县为案例,针对户用8m3沼气池,对施工建设、运营维护和消费利用全生命周期过程中的碳足迹、减排效益、经济收益和生态价值方面进行核算和评价。结果表明在沼气池的建设与正常使用年限内,该县农户通过替代燃煤、柴薪和秸秆等共可减排CO2约1.24×106t。从户用沼气池建设及生产过程的投入产出价值的来看,仅通过节约炊事燃料和沼液沼渣的回收利用就能为每户节约19 877元,为全县带来1.26亿余元的总收益。因此,沼气工程在该地区的建设普及是发展农村低碳经济、走富农之路的有效措施,可为广大西部地区新农村建设提供借鉴。

Ecological and Economic Benefit Accounting for Low-Carbon Biogas Project Construction——A Case Study of Gongcheng,Guangxi

In the background of global warming and rapid urbanization,the economic-social-ecological sustainable development of rural areas has been constrained due to its blind role of energy intensive consumption.Biogas project provides a suitable clean energy consuming pattern,which has predominant advantages in optimizing energy-using structure,reducing environmental pollution,conserving natural resources,increasing farmers’ income and promoting rural economic transformation,etc.The biogas demonstration project of Gongcheng Yao-Autonomous County of Guangxi is chosen as a study case.In this paper,we evaluate the carbon footprint,emission reduction effect,economic benefit and ecological value in the life cycle process of construction,operation maintenance and output consumption of an 8 m3 biogas tank.The results show that the substitution of coal,firewood,and straw can lead to a CO2 emission reduction of 1.24 million tons.With a viewpoint of input-output value analysis from biogas’s construction to production process,each household can save 19,877 Yuan(RMB) through biogas consumption instead of fossil fuel and recycling of the wastes,which can bring 126 million Yuan(RMB) of total earnings for Gongcheng Country.Therefore,the biogas project is considered as an effective measure in promoting low carbon economy in rural areas and enriching the peasants for Gongcheng Country.Meanwhile,the direct economic-environmental-ecological effects of Gongcheng’s biogas project could be worthy of popularizing.