不同基质生物炭对厌氧处理餐厨垃圾效能及微生态的影响

探究了剩余污泥（SS）、餐厨垃圾（FW）、玉米芯（CC）、甘蔗渣（BG）4种不同基质生物炭对厌氧生物处理餐厨垃圾效能的影响，对厌氧污泥的关键酶活性、微生物群落分布以及代谢途径等微生态进行了分析.结果表明，厌氧反应器分别加入4种生物炭后，COD平均去除率分别提高了29.49%、23.16%、29.42%、40.32%；傅里叶红外分析表明，投加SS生物炭组出水中羟基、酰胺基以及C-O-C伸缩振动峰减弱.4个厌氧反应器中厌氧污泥的乙酸激酶活性分别为0.40，0.42，0.96，0.98 μmol/g，表明投加CC与BG生物炭促进了餐厨垃圾的厌氧水解酸化过程；厌氧污泥胞外聚合物的蛋白质/多糖之比分别为0.415、0.56、1.89、2.8，投加CC、BG生物炭提高了污泥的稳定性.4个厌氧反应器中拟杆菌门、变形菌门、厚壁菌门为主要菌群，投加BG生物炭促进了变形菌门与厚壁菌门的生长；对于古细菌而言，甲烷杆菌属与甲烷丝菌属为优势种群，SS组的甲烷杆菌属丰度最高（53.48%），而BG组中甲烷丝菌属丰度最高（42.72%）.KEGG功能分析表明古菌及细菌均以碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢为主；而投加BG与SS生物炭后，微生物膜运输水平得到了提高.

Effects of different substrate biochar on the performance and microecology of anaerobic biological treating food waste

The effects of sewage sludge (SS), food waste (FW), corn cob (CC) and bagasse (BG) biochar on the anaerobic biological treatment of food waste were investigated. Meanwhile, the key enzyme activity, microbial community distribution and metabolic pathway of anaerobic sludge were analyzed. The average COD removal rate increased by 29.49%, 23.16%, 29.42%, and 40.32% after addition of the four kinds of biochar in the anaerobic reactor, respectively. The activity of acetokinase in the four anaerobic reactors was 0.40, 0.42, 0.96 and 0.98μmol/g, respectively. The high acetokinase activity of the anaerobic sludge in the CC and BG groups demonstrated that the addition of the CC and BG biochar promoted the hydrolysis and acidification of food waste. In addition, the ratio of protein/polysaccharide of extracellular polymeric substances in the anaerobic sludge was 0.415, 0.56, 1.89 and 2.8, respectively. It was demonstrated that adding CC and BG biochar improved the stability of anaerobic sludge. In the four anaerobic reactors, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phylum, and the addition of BG biochar promoted the growth of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. As for the archaea, Methanobacterium and Methanothrix were the dominant species. Methanobacterium in the SS group had highest abundance (53.48%), while Methanothrix in the BG group had the highest abundance (42.72%). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional analysis showed that archaea and bacteria were mainly metabolized by carbohydrate and amino acids. In addition, the transport level of microbial membrane was improved in presence of BG and SS biochar.