基于31省MRIO模型的中国省际碳转移及碳公平研究

基于MRIO模型方法自主编制了2012年中国区域间投入产出表，测算了中国31省在生产者责任和消费者责任视角下的碳排放量，以及省际贸易隐含碳转移量.在此基础上，分别从各省在省际贸易隐含碳净转移与隐含GDP净转移之间的关系、污染贸易条件值以及碳基尼系数三个方面分析了我国省际碳公平性问题.由于经济发展水平、资源禀赋、产业结构和能源结构的差异，各省在生产者和消费者视角下的碳排放量存在明显差异；隐含碳净转入省份多位于西部或属于欠发达省份，隐含碳净转出省份多为经济发达省份.中国31省在省际贸易中存在着明显的碳不公平现象，部分发达省份不仅让外省承担了自身的部分碳排放，而且获得了来自外省的GDP净输入，污染贸易条件值也小于1，在碳排放空间分配及经济效益上均处于绝对优势地位；而部分西部省份不仅为外省承接了部分碳排放还对外省净输出了GDP，污染贸易条件值也大于1，在碳排放空间分配和经济效益上均处于绝对劣势地位.2012年我国31省碳基尼系数在消费者责任视角下为0.24，在生产者责任视角下则达到了0.31，表明生产者责任视角下我国省际碳排放空间分配不公平性有所增强.

Research on the carbon transfer and carbon equity at provincial level of China based on MRIO model of 31 provinces

The 2012 multi-regional input-output table with 31 provincial regions and 16 industries of China in the paper has been developed based on the MRIO model. Meanwhile, the carbon emissions of 31 provinces in China from the perspective of producer and consumer responsibility and the carbon transfer embodied in inter-provincial trade have been calculated in this paper. On this basis, the inter-provincial carbon equity was analyzed by the relationship between the embodied net transfer of carbon emissions and GDP, the pollution terms of trade and the carbon Gini coefficient respectively. The results showed that the provincial carbon emissions from the perspective of producer and consumer responsibility vary significantly because of the differences of economic development level, resource endowment, industrial structure, energy structure, etc. In addition to this, a tendency of carbon emissions' net transfer has been showed from the western or less developed provinces to those with high economic development level. Carbon inequality between China's 31 provinces in inter-provincial trade was obvious. Some developed provinces not only let other provinces bear part of their own carbon emissions, but also obtain net GDP input from other provinces and their terms of trade of pollution is less than 1, which means they are in a more dominant position in the carbon emission space allocation and economic benefits than those western provinces which not only undertake part of carbon emissions for other provinces, but also lose their GDP and their terms of trade of pollution are more than 1. From the perspective of consumer responsibility, the 31 provinces of China's carbon Gini was 0.24 in 2012, and reaches 0.31 from the perspective of producer responsibility. It was indicated that the inequality of spatial distribution of carbon emissions among provinces in China has been enhanced under the perspective of producer responsibility.