基于LCA的聚乳酸快递包装环境友好性评价

以聚乳酸快递包装为研究对象，运用生命周期评价（LCA）方法对聚乳酸快递包装的原料获取、加工、使用及5种处置情景的环境影响进行比较，并采用累积能源需求（CED）方法对能源消耗情况进行分析.功能单位（1000个规模为25×35cm的聚乳酸快递袋，918kg）快递袋原材料获取、加工及使用阶段的环境影响潜能值分别为1.09×10^-9、5.64×10^-10、1.24×10^-10.海洋水生态毒性是聚乳酸快递袋环境影响的主要类型，占77%；非生物资源耗竭潜能值、人类毒性次之，分别占9%和6%.能源消耗主要类型为不可再生能源，占总能源消耗的89%，其中，快递袋使用阶段为主要贡献阶段，占比为91%.处理阶段5种处置情景中情景Ⅴ（焚烧47%，填埋13%，回收40%）对环境最为友好，通过增加焚烧和回收处置的比例，减少填埋比例对环境有着更为积极的影响.

Assessment of the environment-friendliness of PLA express packaging using LCA methodology

In this paper, the life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to compare the environmental impact of raw materials extraction, production, use and five disposal scenarios of polylactic acid (PLA) express packaging, and the cumulative energy demand (CED) method was used to analyze energy consumption. The environmental impact potential of the raw materials extraction, production, and use of express bags were 1.09×10^-9, 5.64×10^-10 and 1.24×10^-10, respectively for per functional unit—consisting of 1000PLA express bags with the size of 25×35cm and the weight of 918 kg.Marine aquatic ecotoxicity was the main environmental impact in the life cycle of PLA, accounting for 77%, followed by abiotic depletion and human toxicity, accounting for 9% and 6% respectively. The main energy consumption was non-renewable energy, which accounted for 89% of the total energy consumption. Across all the stages considered, the use stage showed the dominant influence on non-renewable energy consumption with the contribution of 91%. Disposal scenario V (incineration 47%, landfill 13%, recycling 40%) was the most environmentally friendly among the five disposal scenarios, indicating that the increase in the proportion of incineration and recycling and decrease in the proportion of landfill showed a more positive impact on the environment.