特殊区域地表水环境背景值表征技术方法研究与应用

选取黑龙江省源头水保护区作为研究对象，根据DEM数据对保护区内随机布设的水质监测点控制单元进行划分并提取单元内的相关指标建立监测点背景特性量化模型，基于量化结果提出地表水环境背景值监测方案，建立背景值数据库.选取研究区自然属性指标与空间属性指标，以空间叠置技术与聚类分析方法对研究区地表水进行背景值分区，最终将黑龙江省分为六大地表水水质背景值地理分区，并计算了各分区地表水环境背景值表征范围.表征范围显示：依据现行标准进行水质评价，保护区内水质背景值已超出Ⅱ类水质标准限值.因此，基于水质背景值研究成果提出了考虑背景值影响下的水环境质量评价方法，并将方法应用于研究区，结果表明方法切实可行且优于单因子评价法.研究成果可为区域制定背景值影响下的水环境评价方法提供科学的数据支撑与理论依据.

Research and application of characterisation using background value method for surface waters in special areas

Taking into consideration the problems caused by insufficient representation of water quality monitoring stations in previous research methods, a system of research methods suitable for surface-water background values in Northeast China was established, considering the spatiotemporal characteristics of water background values. Source water reserves in Heilongjiang Province was selected as the study area, water quality monitoring stations set up randomly in the area were divided into control units according to DEM data, and a model to quantitatively determine the background characteristics of these stations was established by extracting the relevant indicators in each unit. Based on the results, a surface-water background value monitoring program was proposed, and a database of the background values was developed. The study area's natural and spatial attributes were selected and spatial overlay technology and cluster analysis method were used to divide its surface-water background values, based on which Heilongjiang Province was eventually divided into six geographical areas. Furthermore, the characteristic range of surface water background values of each geographic area was calculated and it was found that the surface-water background values in the protected area exceeded the standard limit of Class Ⅱ water quality. Finally, a method for assessing the water quality using the background values was proposed and applied to the study area. The results show that the method is feasible and superior to the single-factor assessment method. The research results can provide scientific data support and theoretical basis for regions to develop water environment assessment methods under the influence of background values.