气载微塑料的赋存特征、迁移规律与毒性效应研究进展

微塑料作为一种新兴环境污染物，可能会对全球生态圈（水、土壤和空气）和人类健康造成潜在危害.本文综述了气载微塑料的分析方法、赋存特征、迁移规律及其毒性效应与机制等最新研究进展.当前气载微塑料定量表征主要依赖于体视显微镜检，而其定性分析则主要借助傅里叶红外光谱和拉曼光谱技术.气载微塑料遍及全球各大城市、海洋、甚至偏远山区.HYSPLIT4和沉降计算后推气流轨迹分析揭示了气载微塑料的迁移规律.气载微塑料对人体健康风险的影响研究表明，人类（尤其是儿童）能够吸入高丰度微塑料.今后研究应注重开发出适用于气载微塑料的精准、高效和低成本的分析仪器与方法，强化气载微塑料定量数据规范化，并从细胞、组织、器官等层面深入揭示气载微塑料及其复合污染物的毒性效应与机制.

Progress on the occurrence,migration and toxicity of airborne microplastics

As emerging environmental contaminants, microplastics (MPs) may cause potential hazard to global ecosphere (including water, soil and air) and human health. Here, we summarize the recent advances on the field of airborne MPs, including the methods of sampling and characterization, patterns of distribution and migration, toxic effects and corresponding mechanisms. To date, the quantitative characterization of airborne MPs mainly depends on stereomicroscopy, and the qualitative analysis of them is mainly conducted by Fourier infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Airborne MPs are widespread in global cities, seas, and even remote mountains. HYSPLIT4 and settling calculations back-trajectory modeling preliminary revealed the transport of airborne MPs. Risk assessment shows that human (especially children) body can inhale abundant airborne MPs. Future research should pay attention to exploit more precise, efficient and economical instruments and methods for airborne MPs, facilitate the standardization of quantitative data, and reveal the toxic effects and corresponding mechanisms of MPs and their absorbed pollutants at the cell, tissue, and organ levels.