1996~2016年湖北省氨排放时空差异及影响因素

搜集10类氨（NH₃）的人为源活动水平数据，采用排放因子法，计算了1996~2016年湖北省NH₃排放量，利用GIS进行1km×1km的空间分配.分析了不同地理单元（西部山区城市、中部平原城市、东部特大城市和东部中小城市）的NH₃排放源结构和单位排放量的差异.结果表明，湖北省NH₃排放量由1996年的375.0kt增长至2016年的475.4kt，年均增长率为1.2%.西部山区城市NH₃排放增加最快，年均增长率为3.5%，高于全省平均水平.农业源是最主要贡献源，畜禽养殖和氮肥施用排放的NH₃分别占总排放量的71.6%和15.8%.除畜禽养殖和氮肥施用外，废弃物处理和生物质燃烧分别是东部特大城市和中部平原城市NH₃的重要排放源，分别占全省该类源NH₃排放总量的76.1%和41.5%.值得注意的是，东部特大城市的工业生产、人体排泄、机动车尾气排放和化石燃料燃烧等排放的NH₃占比均高于其它3种地理单元，需引起关注.

Spatial-temporal diversities of ammonia emissions and impacting factors in Hubei Province from 1996 to 2016

The activity data for ten types of anthropogenic ammonia emission sources were collected in Hubei Province. The ammonia emission amounts of Hubei province during 1996~2016 were calculated by multiplying corresponding emission factors and activity data, and then were spatially relocated into 1km×1km grid cell with a GIS software. The diversities in ammonia emission structures and per unit emission for four types of geographic regions (the western mountainous cities, the central plain cities, the eastern megacity and other eastern small and medium-sized cities) were analyzed. The total ammonia emission in Hubei province increased from 375.0kt in 1996 to 475.4kt in 2016, with a yearly increasing rate of 1.2%. The ammonia increasing rate for the western mountainous cities was the highest of 3.5%, higher than the average increasing rate of the whole province. Agriculture sources were the major contributors for ammonia emission in Hubei Province, with the livestock and application of nitrogen fertilizers contributing 71.6% and 15.8% of total ammonia emission, respectively. Except for livestock and application of nitrogen fertilizers, the eastern megacity and the central plain cities held higher emission contributions of waste disposal (76.1%) and biomass burning (41.5%) among the four different geographic units, respectively. It was worth noting that the ammonia emissions from industrial production, human excrement, vehicle exhaust and fossil fuel combustion in the eastern megacity were all higher than those for other three geographic units, which should be paid more attention.