The relationship between socio-economic indicators and air pollution in England and Wales: implications for environmental justice |
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| Authors: | H McLeod I H Langford A P Jones J R Stedman R J Day I Lorenzoni I J Bateman |
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| Institution: | (1) Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), University of East Anglia, Norwich and University College, London, UK e-mail: i.langford@uea.ac.uk Tel.: +44-1603-593314; Fax: +44-1603-593739, GB;(2) National Environmental Technology Centre, AEA Technology, Culham, Oxfordshire, UK, GB |
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| Abstract: | This paper investigates the distribution of three common air pollutants, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and fine particulates
(PM10), in England and Wales with respect to social class, ethnicity and population density. A multilevel model is used to demonstrate
regional differences in the social distribution of pollution. The results show that, allowing for ethnicity and population
density, there are different relationships between socio-economic status and exposure to air pollution within different regions
in England and Wales. These differences suggest that national legislation introduced to reduce air pollution levels may give
rise to environmental injustice, with geographical and social differences in the costs and benefits arising to the population
due to such legislation.
Received: 24 February 1999 / Accepted: 2 September 1999 |
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| Keywords: | Air pollution Environmental justice Multilevel modelling |
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