Orange/lemon-scented beetles: opposite enantiomers of limonene as major constituents in the defensive secretion of related carabids |
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| Authors: | Athula B Attygalle Xiaogang Wu David R Maddison Kipling W Will |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA;(2) Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;(3) Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, Division of Organisms and Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA |
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| Abstract: | The major constituent in the pygidial gland defensive fluid of the carabid beetle Ardistomis schaumii is (R)-(+)-limonene, whereas that of Semiardistomis puncticollis is (S)-(−)-limonene. This was an unanticipated result, since it is not very common to find the opposite enantiomers of the same
compound among the secondary metabolites of related species. Moreover, the glandular liquid of A. schaumii contains 1,8-cineole, and that of S. puncticollis has β-pinene, β-phellandrene, sabinene, and p-cymene. Of about 500 carabid species that have been chemically investigated, this is the first report of the presence of
such complex mixtures of monoterpenes in their defensive secretions. |
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