微塑料污染防治国际实践及对我国的启示

微塑料作为一类新污染物，已成为国际社会普遍关注的热点环境问题。欧美国家微塑料污染防治工作启动较早，具有丰富的实践经验，这对完善我国微塑料污染防治体系具有重要的借鉴意义。从制度建设、国际合作、监测评估、科学研究等方面梳理了国际社会微塑料污染防治的先进做法和实践经验，对比我国开展微塑料污染防治的相关政策和举措，分析了存在问题和短板；在此基础上，从强化顶层设计、健全协调机制、完善监测体系、重视科技支撑和加大宣传教育5个方面提出了对我国微塑料污染防治的启示。

International Practices of Microplastics Pollution Prevention and Their Enlightenments to China

Microplastics，as a novel type of pollutant，have become a hot environmental issue in the international community. The prevention of microplastics pollution in developed countries started earlier，which has important reference significance for China to improve the prevention system of microplastics pollution. This paper reviews foreign advanced practices and practical experience in the prevention of microplastics pollution from the aspects of system construction，international cooperation，monitoring and evaluation，scientific research，summarizes China''s relevant policies and practices in the prevention of microplastics pollution，and the problems and shortcomings of China''s policies and practices were discussed. On this basis，the enlightenments of the prevention and control of microplastics pollution in developed countries to China were put forward.