三种典型渔药对大型溞(Daphnia magna)的急性毒性及其关键环境影响因子分析

测试了三种典型渔药三氯异氰尿酸(Trichloroisocyanuricacid,TCCA)、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚(Butylatedhydroxyanisole,BHA)、盐酸环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacinhydrochloride,CPFX)对大型(Daphniamagna)的急性毒性。结果表明,对于大型的毒性由大到小的顺序为:三氯异氰尿酸,叔丁基对羟基茴香醚,盐酸环丙沙星,48hLC50分别为0.19mg·L-1,3.15mg·L-1和135.15mg·L-1。通过三因素三水平正交试验分析了主要环境因子pH值、硬度、腐殖酸对三种渔药对大型毒性的影响,发现pH显著影响TCCA的毒性,硬度显著影响CPFX的毒性,而BHA毒性受环境因素影响不显著。

Acute toxicity of three typical fish drugs to Daphnia magna and analysis of the key environmental factors

It is a worthy while being paid more attentions upon the fates and environmental impacts of fish drugs used in aquaculture,especial the effects of some pharmaceuticals on nontargets aquatic organisms.Acute toxicity of three widely used fish drugs Tri-chloroisocyanuric acid(TCCA),Butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA)and Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride(CPFX)to Daphnia magna was tested.Result showed the acute toxicities(48 h LC50 value)in decreasing order were TCCA(0.19 mg L-1),BHA(3.15 mg L-1)and CPFX(135.15 mg L-1).3 factors and 3 levels orthogonal experiment was carried to analyze the key environmental factors including pH,hardness and humic acid that influenced the toxicity of the three drugs.Result indicated that pH had significant effect on the toxicity of TCCA,the same is hardness on the toxicity of CPFX.However,no significant environmental influence was found on BHA.