Endemism and dispersal: comparative phylogeography of three surgeonfishes across the Hawaiian Archipelago |
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Authors: | Jeff A Eble Robert J Toonen Brian W Bowen |
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Institution: | (1) Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA |
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Abstract: | To evaluate the hypothesis that a general correlation exists between species range size and dispersal ability, we surveyed
mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variation in three surgeonfish species with vastly different ranges: Ctenochaetus strigosus, Hawaiian endemic, N = 531; Zebrasoma flavescens, North Pacific, N = 560; Acanthurus nigrofuscus, Indo-Pacific, N = 305. Collections were made throughout the 2,500 km expanse of the Hawaiian Archipelago and adjacent Johnston Atoll. Analyses
of molecular variance demonstrate that all three species are capable of maintaining population connectivity on a scale of
thousands of km (all species global ΦST = NS). However, rank order comparison of pairwise ΦST results and Exact test P-values revealed modest but significantly different patterns of gene flow among the three species surveyed, with the degree
of genetic structure increasing as range size decreases (P = 0.001). These results are consistent with mtDNA surveys of four additional Hawaiian reef fauna in which a wide-spread Indo-Pacific
species exhibited genetic homogeneity across the archipelago, while three endemics had significant population subdivision
over the same range. Taken together, these seven cases invoke the hypothesis that Hawaii’s endemic reef fishes evolved from
species with reduced dispersal ability that, after initial colonization, could not maintain contact with parent populations.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
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