The social viability and environmental sustainability of direct action land reform settlements in the Amazon |
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| Authors: | Flávia L. Leite Marcellus M. Caldas Cynthia Simmons Stephen G. Perz Stephen Aldrich Robert T. Walker |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, 3219 Turlington, P.O. Box 117330, Gainesville, FL 32611-7330, USA;(2) Department of Geography, Kansas State University, 118 Seaton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-2904, USA;(3) Department of Geography, Michigan State University, 231 Geography Building, East Lansing, MI 48824-1117, USA;(4) Department of Earth and Environmental Systems, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA;(5) Department of Geography, Michigan State University, 234 Geography Building, East Lansing, MI 48824-1117, USA |
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| Abstract: | State-led agrarian reform (SLAR) settlements established in the Amazon in the 1970s led to environmental degradation and mixed socioeconomic outcomes. More recently, direct-action land reform (DALR) settlements have proliferated, which are leading to new forest clearing in the name of agrarian reform. The emergence of DALR begs questions about social and environmental outcomes in recent Amazon settlements. This paper compares DALR settlements in two different regions of the eastern Amazon: the South of Pará and the Transamazon. Analysis of household survey data shows that DALR settlements in the two study areas differ substantially in terms of their histories of formation and regional contexts. However, social and environmental outcomes do not always differ among the two study areas, which in turn resemble older SLAR settlements. |
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