超临界水的物理化学性质及意义

水的许多性质在其临界区域随温度、压力的升高有着异常的变化行为，这种行为不仅控制着热液体系中的质量和热量输运过程，使得流体和对流热通量以及水溶液溶质的大多数标准偏摩尔性质在水的临界点附近接近正的或负的无穷大，而且也影响着体系中的化学过程。超临界水溶液流体与室温下的电解质溶液在许多方面有很大的差别，这些差别对水如何溶解矿物及迁移金属和配合物具有深刻的影响。

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPERCRITICAL WATER AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE

The most thermodynamic and electrostatic properties of water vary anomaly and diverge to ±∞with increasing temperature and pressure in the critical region. These properties control to a lafge degree the transport and chemical processes in the hydrothermal systems and cause fluid and convective heat fluxes and most standard partial molal properties of aqueous solutes to asymptotically approach ±∞ at the H2O critical point. Supercritical aqueous fluids are very different from electrolytic solution at ambition conditions and will have a large effect on how water dissolves minerals and transport metals and complexes.