计算机仿真方法在人群疏散影响参数研究中的应用

建筑物中的人群疏散受到灾场环境、建筑结构以及人员本身等诸多因素的共同影响,明确这些因素的影响机理与程度对人群的疏散安全具有重要意义.借助仿真软件buildingEXODUS,以某地铁车站为例,定量地研究了人员行走速度等参数对人群平均等待时间和人群平均行走时间的影响.结果表明:不同参数对人群疏散的影响存在着差别.即使是相同的参数,在不同类型的建筑中,其影响程度也可能发生变化.在此基础上,明确了出口涌流能力、疏散人数、行走速度和疏散准备时间四个对整体疏散时间影响显著的参数,通过对上述参数的控制,可以提高人群疏散的安全可靠性.

Application of computer simulation method to parameter influence study of crowd evacuation

The evacuation of crowd out of buildings is affected by many factors, such as the emergency environment, the architectural compositions and the evacuees' behaviors, etc. It is very important to identify the influence mechanism and degree to ensure a safe evacuation. With the help of software,buildingEXODUS, the crowd evacuation in a subway station was simulated. Some influence parameters were quantitatively analyzed, including the walking speed and so on. The results clearly prove that different parameters have different effects on the crowd evacuation. And even for the same parameter, the influence degree may be changed for different building types. Based on the above research, four parameters i.e., exit flow rate, evacuees' number, walking speed and evacuees' pre-movement time are identified as prominent parameters, which significantly influence the evacuation time. Therefore, if the four parameters are appropriately controlled, the reliability of evacuation safety can be improved.