基于遥感技术的圩田时空特征分析--以皖东南及其相邻地域为例

利用陆地卫星(Landsat TM)影像与地理信息技术，结合历史地理学对皖东南及邻域圩田时空特征进行研究，发现该区圩田在空间上具有不同的图型结构特征，在时间上圩田开发具有与区域环境变化相关联的强烈阶段性特征。不同图型结构圩田具有不同功能：田字型图型结构圩田具有防御、灌溉、交通综合功能；多边形图型结构圩田具有空间扩展功能；羽状水网图型结构圩田具有对洪水的良好缓冲保护功能；直条块状图型结构圩田具有机械化作业和集约化灌溉功能。通过对圩田时代—面积进行统计分析，发现本区圩田修筑面积具有阶段性特点，形成三国、宋、近现代的3个高峰时期。本区圩田开发的主要驱动因素：①芜湖古聚落军事功能的突出与增强是实现本区开发第一次飞跃的原动力；②西晋末年开始的北方人口向南方持续迁移为本区的第二次飞跃奠定必要的基础；③宋代农业经济技术的大发展实现本区第二次飞跃；④现代社会经济技术发展促成本区的第三次飞跃。

ANALYSIS ON SPATIO -TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WEITIAN (ARTIFICIAL FIELD)--A CASE STUDY IN SOUTHEAST ANHUI PROVINCE AND ADJACENT AREA

Based on Landsat TM remote sensing data, GIS technique, and historical geography analysis production, the research on spatio temporal structure characteristics of Weitian (artificial field) in Southeastern Anhui Province and adjacent area indicates that the spatial structural characteristics could be divided into four different categories: matrix pattern, polygon pattern, feather water net pattern and rectangular pattern. Four patterns reflect the different nature and social conditions: a matrix pattern has a comprehensive function of defending, irrigating and transporting, a polygon pattern has a function of combining and expanding, a feather water net pattern has a good function of buffer protection for the flood, and a rectangular pattern has a function of convenience for the intensive mechanization of modern time. The temporal characteristics of these artificial fields fell into three phases: San Guo period, the Song dynasty and modern times. This paper finally synthetically analyses the main driving factors of these artificial fields development: ① the prominent military affairs function of the ancient Wuhu city in San Guo period, ② the migration from northern China to southern China from Xijin period, ③ the rapid development of agricultural economy and technique in the Song dynasty, ④ the demand of modern society, modern economy and modern technique.