台田及海冰水灌溉利用对洗脱盐的影响研究

随着国家对粮食安全问题的关注,滨海重度盐荒地的改良和利用再次引起了人们的重视。台田-浅池综合土地利用模式降盐效果显著,分析表明:黄骅淤泥质盐荒地筑造的台田相对脱盐效率达47%。台田作物生育期内2次海冰水灌溉土壤脱盐效率差异较大,总体排盐效果较好,其中7月份台田海冰水灌溉处理下,单位面积的0～120 cm层土体排盐2.70 kg,与盐荒地相比排盐6.16 kg,与台田无灌溉处理相比排盐3.76 kg,台田排盐贡献率PT明显大于海冰水灌溉排盐贡献率PTW。因此在滨海盐碱地区利用旱涝盐碱的台田调控作用,配合海冰水灌溉保障作物需水,可以构建安全的农业种植环境。此研究为滨海盐荒地台田-浅池利用、构建生态农业及海冰水资源安全利用提供参考。

Study on Desalinization Efficiency of the Raised-land and Sea Ice Water Irrigation in Coastal Barren-Saline Region

With the national concern for grain security, coastal salt wasteland of the improvement and utilization attracted attention again. Experiment shows: the comprehensive land use pattern of raised-land and shallow pond significantly reduced salt in coastal saline-alkali land. Desalinization efficiency is up to 47% on raised-land where was the silty saline-alkali land before in Huanghua city of Hebei Province. During the growing stage of oil-sunflower on raised-land, two times of sea ice water irrigations make the difference in soil desalinization efficiency. Taking sea ice water irrigation in July as a case, per square meter 0-120cm soil layers drained 2.70 kg of salt, compared with the salt wasteland the soil layer drained 6.15 kg of salt, and compared to no irrigation of raised land the soil layer drained 3.76 kg of salt. Generally, the raised land P_T was significantly higher than the sea ice water irrigation P_TW. Therefore, the raised land using in the coastal saline areas with drought saline field can control salt of micro plant area, with the sea ice water irrigation to protect the crop water requirement, it can build a safety environment for agricultural cultivation. This study offered the reference for coastal saline-alkali land and wasteland improvement, raised land-shallow pond utilization, construction of ecological agriculture and the safety irrigation of sea ice water.